The Digital Press

Forward modeling using hydrodynamics and radiative transfer codes reliably interprets planet-driven structures in protoplanetary disks. This study compares multiple codes to test consistency in simulating and analyzing disk features caused by an embedded giant planet.

Why it matters: Validates that different simulation codes yield consistent results for planet-induced disk substructures.

The big picture: Reliable modeling across codes helps astronomers accurately locate planets and study disk dynamics.

Stunning stat: Disk temperature differences between radiative transfer codes are less than 3%, causing brightness temperature variations under ±1.5 K.

Quick takeaway: Any tested combination of hydrodynamics and radiative transfer codes can robustly retrieve planet location from disk observations.